COP30
This policy brief argues that COP30 exposed a critical accountability gap in global climate governance: while ambitious adaptation and mitigation goals were reaffirmed, the absence of binding enforcement mechanisms which were exacerbated by U.S. federal withdrawal undermines implementation, particularly for vulnerable and youth populations. To address this gap, the brief evaluates three policy mechanisms: a standardized global climate reporting system, mandatory climate education, and legally binding climate finance commitments tied to GDP. It outlines COP30’s main goals, such as strengthening adaptation finance and accelerating the implementation of the Paris Agreement. The brief also examines the attendance of world leaders, highlighting the notable absence of the U.S. government. Despite this absence, the brief analyzes how U.S. influence persisted through former U.S. negotiators and philanthropic leaders, state and local governments, and the country’s economic and market power. COP30 demonstrates the need for stronger alignment between global policies and underscores the urgent needs of the youth and vulnerable communities. This paradox reveals a structural weakness in global climate governance: major emitters can shape outcomes without being bound by collective commitments.